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The Nukak people (also Nukak-Makú) live between the Guaviare and Inírida rivers, in the depths of the tropical humid forest, on the fringe of the Amazon basin, in Guaviare Department, Republic of Colombia. They are nomadic hunter-gatherers with seasonal nomadic patterns and in addition they practice a shifting horticulture in small scale. An "uncontacted people" until 1981, they have since lost half of their population, primarily to disease.〔"(Se suicida un líder indígena, desesperado por la inminente extinción de su pueblo en Colombia )," ''El Mundo'', October 2006. (appears to be a translated press release from Survival. )〕 Part of their territory has been used by coca growers, ranchers and other settlers and occupied by guerrillas, army and paramilitaries. Responses to this crisis include protests, requests for assimilation, and the suicide of leader Maw-be'.〔 Some 210–250 are estimated to live in provisional settlements at San José del Guaviare, while about as many live nomadically in the Nukak Reservation (''Resguardo''). Nukak are expert hunters. The men hunt using blowguns, with darts coated with curare "manyi", a poison made from different plants (curares). They specially hunt several species of monkeys (''Alouatta'' spp., ''Cebus'' spp., ''Saimiri'' sp., ''Lagothrix'' spp., ''Ateles'' sp., ''Saguinus'' spp., ''Callicebus torquatus''), and birds (Muscovy duck, chachalacas, guans, curassows, grey-winged trumpeter and toucans). Also they use javelins of ''Socratea exorrhiza'' palm wood to hunt two species of peccaries (''Tayassu pecari'' and ''T. tajacu'') and spectacled caimans, whose eggs they consume too. Nukak neither hunt nor eat brocket deer, ''Odocoileus virginianus'' and tapirs (''Tapirus terrestris''); these animals are considered by them as part of the same group of origin as human beings. The Nukak also capture rodents (''Cuniculus'' sp., ''Dasyprocta'' spp.); armadillos (''Dasypus'' sp.) tortoises (''Geochelone'' sp); frogs (in large quantities); crabs; shrimps; snails; larvae of palm weevils (mojojoy, "mun", ''Rhynchophorus'' spp.); larvae of several species of wasps and caterpillars. == Fishing == The Nukak eat several species of fish, like ''Hoplias'' sp., ''Myloplus'' spp., ''Mylossoma'' spp., ''Hydrolycus'' sp., ''Cichla'' sp., surubí (''Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum''), catfishes (''Brachyplatystoma'' spp.), piranhas (''Serrasalmus'' spp., ''Pygocentrus'' spp.) and river rays (''Potamotrygon'' sp.). Lately, part of this activity is done using cord and metal fishooks, although the Nukak, to this day, still catch their fish in the traditional way, with bow and arrow or harpoons, traps or baskets ("mei", water cages). They also use a very sophisticated technique that has been reported in several cultures. This technique uses ''nuún'', the root of a ''Lonchocarpus'' sp. that contains a number of substances that when dissolved in the water streams stun the fish, making them an easy catch for the Nukak. They collect honey of twenty species of bees and many fruits: palm fruits (''Jessenia bataua''), ''Oenocarpus'' spp., ''Attalea'' spp., ''Mauritia'' sp., ''Phenakospermum guyannense'', ''Aechmea'' sp., ''Inga'' sp., ''Couma macrocarpa'', ''Iryanthera'' sp., ''Theobroma'' spp., ''Pourouma'' spp., ''Parinari'' sp., ''Micrandra'' sp., ''Helicostylis'' sp., ''Caryocar'' sp., ''Talisia'' sp., ''Hymenaea'' sp., ''Dacryodes'' spp., ''Abuta'' sp., ''Eugenia'' spp., ''Touraleia'' sp., ''Perebea'' spp., ''Protium'' sp., ''Cecropia'' sp., 'Batocarpus'' sp., ''Hyeronima'' sp., ''Brosimum'' sp., ''Dialium'' sp., ''Garcinia'' sp., ''Manilkara'' sp., ''Naucleopsis'' spp., ''Pradosia'' sp., ''Pouteria'' sp., ''Salasia'' sp., ''Passiflora'' spp., ''Duroia maguirei'', ''Duroia hirsuta'', ''Mouriri'' sp., ''Alibertia'' sp.. Nukak take the sweet resin from "mupabuat" (''Lacunal'' sp.) and the rattan water (''Doliocarpus'' sp.). They collect vegetal materials like the elements necessary to cover their encampments "wopyi" (with leaves of ''Phenakospermum guyannense'' and palms); to make their hammocks (with fiber of the cumare palm ''Astrocaryum'' sp.), moorings (''Heteropsis tenuispadix'', ''Eschweilera'' sp., ''Anthurium'' sp.), blowguns (''Iriartella stigera'', ''Bactris maraja''), bows (''Duguetia quitarensis''), axe ends (''Aspidosperma'' sp.), darts (thorns of ''Oneocarpus'' sp.), quivers for the darts (leaves of ''Calathea'' sp.), milkweed to assure the darts (''Pachira nukakika'', ''Ceiba'' sp., ''Pseudobombax'' sp.), loinclothes for men (''Couratari guianensis''), baskets (''Heteropsis'' spp.), disposable bags (''Ischnosiphon arouma'', ''Heliconia'' sp.), soap (''Cedrelinga'' sp.), perfumes (''Myroxylon'' sp., ''Justice pectoralis'') and diverse objects. They make blades with the teeth of piranha, but lately they also use metallic ones. Until 1990 they practised pottery in small scale, producing a small kind of pot to take with them on their travels and a second, bigger kind, to leave as supplies in their key camping sites. Today they prefer to obtain metallic pots. When they do not have matches or lighters, they use special wood (''Pausandra trianae'') to produce fire. At present time they do not make mirrors with the resin of ''Trattinickia glaziovii'' nor stone axes like they did in past times. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nukak people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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